Resources

Economic research shows immigration is good for U.S. workers, the economy, and affordability (opens in a new tab)

Essays AUG 31, 2026

When President Donald Trump returned to the White House in 2025, mass deportations and immigration restrictions were renewed as one of the political priorities of his second administration. Since then,…

By: Christopher Bangert-Drowns (opens in a new tab)

U.S. regions with more unauthorized immigrant workers experienced declines in new housing construction (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations AUG 31, 2026

A large-scale deportation would shrink the U.S. economy, with particular harm to some states (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations AUG 31, 2026

Streamlining applications to social programs unlocks more support for the U.S. families who need it most (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUL 7, 2026

Millions of low-income families in the United States tap into multiple social programs to help them meet their needs. A single household, for example, might rely on the Supplemental Nutrition…

By: Neil Cholli (opens in a new tab), Derek Wu (opens in a new tab)

Multiple Program Participation in the Safety Net: Incidence, Impediments, and Implications (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers JUL 7, 2026

Multiple program participation is a defining feature of the U.S. safety net, with half of recipients enrolling in two or more programs. Yet most research examines programs in isolation, missing…

By: Neil A. Cholli, Derek Wu (opens in a new tab)

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, one year later: Parsing the evidence on the law’s consequences so far (opens in a new tab)

Blog JUN 30, 2026

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act signed into law one year ago on July 4, 2025, shifted trillions of dollars in income from working-class families to corporations and very wealthy…

By: Lily Roberts (opens in a new tab)

Barriers to Benefits: Unemployment Insurance Take-Up and Labor Market Effects (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers MAY 19, 2026

Unemployment insurance (UI) take-up is relatively low in the United States. We implement a large-scale field experiment among 50,000 likely unemployed individuals to study the causes and labor supply implications…

By: Casey McQuillan (opens in a new tab), Brendan Moore (opens in a new tab)

Factsheet: What the research says about early care and education in the United States (opens in a new tab)

Factsheets APR 16, 2026

Research has long shown the importance and value of high-quality early childhood care and education. Child care offers working parents the ability to fully participate in the labor force and…

By: Equitable Growth (opens in a new tab)

How does early childhood care and education affect U.S. families and workers, and which policies support child participation and boost the quality of care? (opens in a new tab)

Reports APR 16, 2026

As states consider policy action in early childhood care and education, there is an existing—and growing—evidence base from which to draw lessons. This report summarizes the rigorous evidence on program…

By: Chloe Gibbs (opens in a new tab)

The U.S. child care industry was hit harder by COVID-19 than the rest of the economy (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations APR 15, 2026

Higher-income U.S. families typically spend more on child care than families with less income (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations APR 15, 2026

U.S. families pay more for infant care, center-based care, and for care in densely populated areas (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations APR 15, 2026

The cost of child care in the United States has grown faster than other household necessities (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations APR 15, 2026

Federal policymakers can ensure Trump accounts do not exacerbate inequality in the United States (opens in a new tab)

Issue Briefs APR 14, 2026

In July 2025, Congress passed a federal budget bill (Public Law 119-21, also commonly known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act) that, among other things, established a new type…

By: Megan Rivera (opens in a new tab)

A review of the state of child care in the United States (opens in a new tab)

Reports APR 9, 2026

Affordable, available, high-quality child care is essential for sustained, broadly shared economic growth and equitable access to workforce opportunities. In most of the United States, however, child care fails this…

By: Sam Abbott (opens in a new tab), Shira Markoff (opens in a new tab)

The U.S. child care sector recovered more slowly from the COVID-19 pandemic than the broader labor market (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations APR 8, 2026

Wages for U.S. child care workers are low despite the high costs of care for families (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations APR 8, 2026

Factsheet: Using asset limits in public benefit programs (opens in a new tab)

Factsheets MAR 10, 2026

A household’s assets, or its overall wealth, are the resources required to ensure its family members can weather the financial disruption when unexpected expenses emerge. Yet many U.S. households do…

By: Megan Rivera (opens in a new tab)

Can remote work attenuate mothers’ mobility constraints in the U.S. labor force? (opens in a new tab)

Essays FEB 12, 2026

Women’s labor force participation increased dramatically over the course of the 20th century in the United States. Indeed, the labor force participation rate of women between the ages of 25…

By: Ilaria D’Angelis (opens in a new tab), Keren Horn (opens in a new tab)

Understanding the Congestion Child Penalty: Can Remote Work Attenuate It? (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers FEB 12, 2026

We study the impact of commuting time on the labor supply of women with children in the United States. We show that congestion and long commutes discourage the labor force…

By: Ilaria D’Angelis (opens in a new tab), Keren Horn (opens in a new tab)

Why federal food assistance became politically polarizing—and what to do about it (opens in a new tab)

Issue Briefs FEB 2, 2026

On January 31, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson requested that Congress pass federal legislation to make the Food Stamp Program permanent. Up to that point, the program had operated as…

By: Carlos Fernando Avenancio-Leon (opens in a new tab)

Dissecting Racial Politicization: Long-Run Evidence from the Food Stamp Program (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers FEB 2, 2026

We explore long-run racial polarization induced by the original Food Stamps Program: a major policy choice to expand the social safety net in the United States in the 1960s and…

By: Carlos F. Avenancio-León, Troup Howard (opens in a new tab), William Mullins (opens in a new tab)

ASSA 2026 Round-up: Day 2 (opens in a new tab)

Blog JAN 5, 2026

Yesterday was the second day of the 2026 annual meeting of the Allied Social Science Associations, which is organized by the American Economic Association. The 3-day conference, held in Philadelphia…

By: Equitable Growth (opens in a new tab)

ASSA 2026 Round-up: Day 1 (opens in a new tab)

Blog JAN 4, 2026

Yesterday was the first day of the 2026 annual meeting of the Allied Social Science Associations, which is organized by the American Economic Association. The 3-day conference, held in Philadelphia…

By: Equitable Growth (opens in a new tab)

U.S. social insurance programs support workers and economic growth (opens in a new tab)

Essays DEC 2, 2025

Since coming to power in early 2025, Republican majorities in Congress have shifted resources away from the nation’s social insurance programs, most notably to offset the cost of H.R. 1,…

By: Megan Rivera (opens in a new tab)

Equitable Growth hosts Econ 101 virtual event on how U.S. social insurance programs boost economic mobility (opens in a new tab)

Essays DEC 1, 2025

Microsoft Copilot helped draft this event recap. The Washington Center for Equitable Growth recently hosted its latest Econ 101 briefing aimed at providing in-depth evidence for policymakers on how U.S.…

By: Equitable Growth (opens in a new tab)

Distributional weighting in benefit-cost analysis is practical and effective at assessing government rulemaking without bias against low-income individuals (opens in a new tab)

Reports NOV 13, 2025

Distributional weighting in benefit-cost analysis is a tool for overcoming bias against lower-income individuals in economists’ measurements of the net benefit of government policies that affect populations at different levels…

By: Daniel Acland (opens in a new tab)

Population weights reveal that the distribution of cost and benefits of policies are skewed differently (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations NOV 13, 2025

Tariff costs impact industries with mostly White, male, and noncitizen workers (opens in a new tab)

Essays NOV 4, 2025

The U.S. economy is flying blind, with most economic-data publications paused indefinitely due to the shutdown of the federal government amid a general U.S. labor market slowdown and just as…

By: Christopher Bangert-Drowns (opens in a new tab)

Workers in the Midwest and South tend to work in more tariff-exposed industries (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations NOV 3, 2025

Workers with less than a college education are overrepresented in the most tariff-exposed industries (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations NOV 3, 2025

White, Hispanic, and noncitizen men are overrepresented in the most tariff-exposed industries (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations NOV 3, 2025

U.S. manufacturing is particularly vulnerable to tariff costs (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations NOV 3, 2025

In Conversation with Omari Swinton (opens in a new tab)

In Conversation SEP 24, 2025

Equitable Growth in Conversation is a recurring series where we talk with economists and other academics to help us better understand whether and how economic inequality affects economic growth and…

By: Sanjay Supan (opens in a new tab)

Fitting the Bill? The First Federal Paid Leave Mandate (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers SEP 23, 2025

We find that the first federal paid leave mandate in the US, enacted under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, increased paid leave taking by nearly 200% for eligible workers,…

By: Tanya Byker (opens in a new tab), Elena Patel (opens in a new tab), Kristin Smith (opens in a new tab)

Even health care, the strongest sector of the U.S. jobs market, cannot deliver the wages its workers deserve without unionization (opens in a new tab)

Essays SEP 10, 2025

The growth of jobs in the U.S. health care industry is the linchpin to a strong U.S. labor market in 2025 and beyond. Health care is one of only a…

By: Adam Dean (opens in a new tab), Jamie McCallum (opens in a new tab)

In Her Hands: A Guaranteed Income Initiative (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers SEP 4, 2025

In Her Hands (IHH) is a guaranteed income (GI) initiative aimed at addressing persistent economic insecurity among women in neighborhoods with some of Georgia’s highest poverty rates. Co-designed with local…

By: Laura Brugger (opens in a new tab), Shadonna Davis (opens in a new tab), Desha Elliott (opens in a new tab), Leah Hamilton (opens in a new tab), Stephen Roll (opens in a new tab), Latrice Rollins (opens in a new tab), Simone Smith (opens in a new tab), Aaron Quick (opens in a new tab), Naomi Zewde (opens in a new tab)

States can support children and their economies using direct cash assistance from the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant program (opens in a new tab)

Reports AUG 28, 2025

Efficient, effective, and responsive income support programs can reduce economic inequality and support economic mobility. If targeted effectively, these programs can help children, families, and workers meet their needs and…

By: Megan Rivera (opens in a new tab), Christopher Bangert-Drowns (opens in a new tab)

TANF benefit amounts vary widely by state, but are overall small – updated (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations AUG 26, 2025

A majority of states spend less than 20 percent of TANF funds on basic assistance (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations AUG 26, 2025

TANF access varies widely by state (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations AUG 26, 2025

Direct cash assistance to low-income families has decreased dramatically over time (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations AUG 26, 2025

The 10 worst policies for equitable economic growth in the 2025 budget reconciliation law (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUL 14, 2025

The 2025 budget reconciliation law that was enacted earlier this month is a sprawling piece of legislation, touching almost every corner of the federal budget and the U.S. economy. It…

By: David S. Mitchell (opens in a new tab)

Republican reconciliation bill’s cuts to social programs will damage some congressional districts’ local economies (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUL 11, 2025

In a recent working paper, Equitable Growth grantee Robert Manduca of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor demonstrates that government transfers make sizable contributions to local economies in much of…

By: Chiara Chanoi (opens in a new tab)

In some U.S. congressional districts, cuts from the reconciliation bill are bigger than multiple local industries combined (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUL 10, 2025

Americans informed about the distributional effects of Republicans’ tax and budget bill overwhelmingly oppose it (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUL 3, 2025

Republicans in the U.S. Senate recently passed a version of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, championed by President Donald Trump. The House of Representatives passed an earlier version of…

By: Jacob Hacker (opens in a new tab), Patrick Sullivan (opens in a new tab)

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act disproportionately harms lower-income Americans (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUL 3, 2025

Americans Informed About the Distributional Effects of Republicans’ Budget Bill Overwhelmingly Oppose It (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers JUN 25, 2025

Republicans in the Senate are currently considering the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which, if enacted, would be the most regressive U.S. tax and budget law in at least the…

By: Jacob S. Hacker, Patrick Sullivan (opens in a new tab)

Congressional Republicans’ budget bill is the most regressive in at least 40 years (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUN 25, 2025

The U.S. Congress is in the midst of debating a budget bill that would make massive changes to U.S. tax and spending policy over the course of the next decade…

By: Jacob Hacker (opens in a new tab), Patrick Sullivan (opens in a new tab)

Millions of Americans, including children, will lose nutrition assistance due to proposed SNAP cuts – updated (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 24, 2025

Medicaid and SNAP cuts in congressional Republicans’ budget bill will negatively impact local economies (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUN 24, 2025

The budget reconciliation bill recently passed by the U.S. House of Representatives proposes to make large cuts to Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and other social programs to pay…

By: Robert Manduca (opens in a new tab)

Financial and Transfer Income as Components of the Regional Economic Base (opens in a new tab)

Working Papers JUN 24, 2025

Economists and geographers have long divided industries into “basic” and “nonbasic” sectors depending on whether they bring money into a region from outside or serve local demand. Traditionally, the regional…

By: Robert Manduca (opens in a new tab)

Reducing IRS funding by half could cost the same amount of the Republican budget bill in noncompliance increases (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 23, 2025

No tax on tips or overtime provisions cost less than the more regressive proposals in the Republican tax bill (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 23, 2025

Americans have heard more about the no tax on tips and overtime provisions of the Republican bill than its more regressive provisions (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 23, 2025

Many of the wealthiest U.S. individuals do not pay any estate taxes (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 23, 2025

16 million Americans will lose health care coverage if the House-passed One Big Beautiful Bill Act becomes law (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 23, 2025

The hidden trade-offs of nonwage job amenities for U.S. workers (opens in a new tab)

Essays JUN 10, 2025

When workers choose jobs with predictable schedules, safer conditions, or greater autonomy, they are often paying a price: lower wages. In some cases, these hidden trade-offs are considerable. Indeed, my…

By: Alex Bell (opens in a new tab)

The costliness of nonwage job amenities explains two-thirds of the gender wage gap in the United States (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 10, 2025

U.S. women workers at all levels of compensation are more concentrated in jobs with predictable schedules, which pay less, than men (opens in a new tab)

Visualizations JUN 10, 2025